Calcite caprock

Sigsbee Basin

Gulf of Mexico

Calcite caprock; extremely porous aggregate of calcite crystals

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Approximate Age: 66 - 164 Ma

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Evaporite

Menorca Rise

Mediterranean

Cruise planned to provide information on the environment just prior to the deposition of the Messinian evaporites; to then test models of the evaporite origin

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Approximate Age: 5.3 - 11.6 Ma

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Laminated intervals

West Pisco Basin

Peru Margin

This site was selected (1) to obtain a high-resolution record of upwelling and climatic histories from Quaternary and possibly Neogene sediments, (2) to calculate mass accumulation rates of biogenic constituents from an upwelling regime, and (3) to document in detail early diagenetic reactions and products specific to the coastal upwelling environment.

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Approximate Age: 0 - 2.6 Ma

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Red clay/icthyoliths

Hawaiian Arch

The principal objective of operations at Site 842 was the installation of a reentry cone on the seafloor and the casing of a hole to basement for use as a test site for the Ocean Seismic Network.

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Approximate Age: 11.6 - 37.8 Ma

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Sections 5 and 6 also available.

Boundstone (sponges in growth position)

Resolution Guyot

western Mid-Pacific Mountains

The objective of this site was to (1) to examine the biota and vertical development of a Cretaceous reef, (2) to determine the cause and timing of drowning, and (3) to determine the magnitude of relative changes in sea level and karsting.

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Approximate Age: 100 - 113 Ma

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Siliceous ooze (clayey diatom & ash layers)

Subarctic Pacific Ocean

The sediments of this site contain a critical record of late Mesozoic and Cenozoic oceanographic and climatic changes; paleoceanography and paleoclimatology of the North Pacific Ocean.

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Approximate Age: 11,700 yrs - 2.6 Ma

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Sections 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and CC also available.

Siliceous ooze (diatom) with dropstone

Subarctic Pacific Ocean

The sediments of this site contain a critical record of late Mesozoic and Cenozoic oceanographic and climatic changes; paleoceanography and paleoclimatology of the North Pacific Ocean.

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Approximate Age: 0 - 3.6 Ma

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Sections 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and CC also available.

Siliceous diatom ooze

Subarctic Pacific Ocean

The sediments of this site contain a critical record of late Mesozoic and Cenozoic oceanographic and climatic changes; paleoceanography and paleoclimatology of the North Pacific Ocean.

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Approximate Age: 2.6 - 11.6 Ma

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Sections 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and CC also available.

Well laminated silty clay

Santa Barbara Basin

During the late Quaternary, an absence of burrowing organisms allowed the preservation of annual laminations caused by seasonal changes in sediment supply and character. The sediments are rich in organic carbon and microbial methane. The sequence represents deposition at high sedimentation rates in suboxic to oxic conditions and contains diatoms, radiolarians, foraminifers, and pollen in sufficient abundance, thus providing an important opportunity for high- to ultra-high-resolution paleoclimatic/paleoenvironmental investigation.

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Approximate Age: 11,700 - 129,000 yrs

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Yearly laminated sediments

Santa Barbara Basin

During the late Quaternary, an absence of burrowing organisms allowed the preservation of annual laminations caused by seasonal changes in sediment supply and character. The sediments are rich in organic carbon and microbial methane. The sequence represents deposition at high sedimentation rates in suboxic to oxic conditions and contains diatoms, radiolarians, foraminifers, and pollen in sufficient abundance, thus providing an important opportunity for high- to ultra-high-resolution paleoclimatic/paleoenvironmental investigation.

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Approximate Age: 11,700 - 129,000 yrs

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Section 4 also available.

Dunite matrix, impregnated by gabbroic melt

Hess Deep

East Pacific Rise

This section demonstrates the evolution of crustal processes at a fast-spreading ridge.

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Approximate Age: unknown

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Hemipelagic turbidite

Juan de Fuca Ridge

This expedition focused on exploring the causes and consequences of ridge-flank hydrothermal circulation by drilling a suite of relatively shallow holes that allowed observations of lateral gradients of temperature, pressure, fluid composition, and rock alteration.

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Approximate Age: 0 - 2.6 Ma

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Finely laminated diatom mud

Saanich Inlet

fjord in southeastern Vancouver Island

This expedition investigated the ultra-high resolution paleoecologic record of the inshore northeast Pacific for the last 8,000 − 10,000 yr or so using organic remains preserved in Saanich Inlet sediments.Studies focussed on organic diagenesis and low-temperature remineralization reactions in a shallow, temperate, isolated anoxic basin.

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Approximate Age: 0 - 11,700 yrs

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Red clay

Molokai Fracture Zone

equatorial Pacific

This expedition was to study the evolution of the equatorial Pacific current and wind system as Earth went from maximum Cenozoic warmth to initial Antarctic glaciations.

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Approximate Age: 0 - 56 Ma

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Section 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and CC also available.

Siliceous ooze (radiolarian clay)

Clipperton Fracture Zone

equatorial Pacific

The goal of this expedition was to study the evolution of the equatorial Pacific current and wind system as Earth went from maximum Cenozoic warmth to initial Antarctic glaciations. This is the sole site to be drilled on the 40-Ma transect during Leg 199 and will be used to investigate paleoceanographic processes in the equatorial Paleogene Pacific Ocean during the inferred transition of Earth's climate from the early Paleogene 'greenhouse' into the late Paleogene 'icehouse'.

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Approximate Age: 0 - 23 Ma

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Section 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and CC also available.

Eocene/Oligocene (E/O) boundary

Clipperton Fracture Zone

equatorial Pacific

The goal of this expedition was to study the evolution of the equatorial Pacific current and wind system as Earth went from maximum Cenozoic warmth to initial Antarctic glaciations. This is the sole site to be drilled on the 40-Ma transect during Leg 199 and will be used to investigate paleoceanographic processes in the equatorial Paleogene Pacific Ocean during the inferred transition of Earth's climate from the early Paleogene 'greenhouse' into the late Paleogene 'icehouse'.

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Approximate Age: 33.4 - 33.9 Ma

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Section 1 also available.

Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM)

between the Clipperton and Clarion Fracture Zones

equatorial Pacific

The goal of this expedition was to study the evolution of the equatorial Pacific current and wind system as Earth went from maximum Cenozoic warmth to initial Antarctic glaciations and to study equatorial ocean circulation from the late Paleocene through the late Eocene during the early Cenozoic thermal maximum.

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Approximate Age: 55.5 Ma

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Section CC also available.

Calcareous ooze (nannofossil-foraminifer ooze, with ash layer)

Guatemala Basin

southeast Pacific

The goal of this expedition was to provide a continuous late Neogene sedimentary sequence to assess variability of upper-ocean processes, including the reorganization of equatorial Pacific surface circulation and the development of the Atlantic to Pacific salinity contrast, both associated with the closure of the Isthmus of Panama and other late Neogene climate changes.

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Approximate Age: 0 - 11 Ma

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Section 4 also available.

Extrusive basalt

Cocos Plate

eastern equatorial Pacific

The goal of this expedition was to drill in situ ocean crust, which formed at a superfast spreading rate ~15 m.y. ago.

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Approximate Age: unknown

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Coral

MSP: Maraa, Tahiti

western Pacific

The goal of this expedition was to establish the course of last deglacial sea level rise at Tahiti, to define sea-surface temperature variations for the region over the period 20,000 – 10,000 cal. y BP, and to analyze the impact of sea level changes on reef growth and geometry.

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Approximate Age: 11,700 - 12,900 years

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Section CC also available.

Coral (overlapping laminated microbialites)

MSP: Maraa, Tahiti

western Pacific

The goal of this expedition was to establish the course of last deglacial sea level rise at Tahiti, to define sea-surface temperature variations for the region over the period 20,000 – 10,000 cal. y BP, and to analyze the impact of sea level changes on reef growth and geometry.

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Approximate Age: 11,700 - 12,900 years

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Vertical basalt dyke

Cocos Plate

eastern equatorial Pacific

The goal of this expedition was to recover, for the first time, a complete section of the upper oceanic crust from extrusive lavas down through the dikes and into the uppermost gabbros.

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Approximate Age: ~15 Ma

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Olivine gabbro

Hess Deep

East Pacific Rise

The goal of this expedition was to sample lower crustal primitive gabbroic rock that formed at the fast-spreading East Pacific Rise (EPR) in order to test competing models of magmatic accretion and the intensity of hydrothermal cooling at depth.

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Approximate Age: unknown

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